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Faro Ladies
Gaming in public was not acceptable for aristocratic women as it was for aristocratic men in 18th century England, who played at social clubs such as the Tory-affiliated White's or the Whig-affiliated Brooks’s. Thus, women gambled in private houses at social gatherings that often provided other, more socially acceptable forms of entertainment, such as musical concerts or amateur theatricals.〔Russell, Gillian. “Faro’s Daughters”: Female Gamesters, Politics, and the Discourse of Finance in 1790s Britain.” ''Eighteenth-Century Studies'' (2000): 33.4, p. 484.〕 A group of aristocratic women came to be well known for the faro tables they hosted late into the night. Mrs. Albinia Hobart (later Lady Buckinghamshire), Lady Sarah Archer, Mrs. Sturt, Mrs. Concannon, and Lady Elizabeth Luttrell were common figures in the popular press throughout the 1790s.
Gambling's reputation as a dual personal and social vice, especially female gambling, was not new to the late 18th century.〔Donald, Diana. ''The Age of Caricature: Satirical Prints in the Reign of George III''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, p. 106.〕 Charles Cotton’s ''The Compleat Gamester'' from 1674 was still widely cited during the era. However, in the 1790s the issue took on new importance as Britain, influenced by the chaos of the French Revolution, focused its attention with renewed vigor on any threatening domestic issue that could disrupt social order and political power.〔Russell, Gillian. “Faro’s Daughters”: Female Gamesters, Politics, and the Discourse of Finance in 1790s Britain.” ''Eighteenth-Century Studies'' (2000): 33.4.〕 Another factor contributing to a new focus on gaming was the increased importance of the middle classes in late eighteenth-century Britain. The middle class, who depended on credit for both livelihood and reputation, were particularly sour toward the vices in which the landed classes indulged, often without serious repercussions.〔 At the same time, the middle class's avid consumption of the public information about aristocratic gamblers provided by the press made possible their very notoriety.
==Politics==
In the Westminster election of 1784, Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, a renowned gambler who canvassed for Charles J. Fox, himself a notorious gamester (he in fact ran a faro table in his home from 1780–81), brought the issue of gaming into the popular media’s negative portrayal of the aristocracy's involvement in politics.〔Deutsch, Phyllis. "Moral Trespass in Georgian London" Gaming, Gender, and Electoral Politics in the Age of George III." ''The Historical Journal'' 39.3 (Sep., 1996), pp. 637-656.〕 As a whole, the group aristocratic, gambling women were often associated with the Foxite Whigs.〔McCreery, Cindy. ''The Satirical Gaze: Prints of Women in Late Eighteenth-Century England''. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2004, p. 237〕 Lady Archer canvassed for Charles Fox as well, as did the Duchess’s sister and Lady Duncannon. In other elections, Mrs. Hobart canvassed for Admiral Lord Hood and Sir Cecil Wray. The private version of gaming practiced in the Faro ladies’ homes, furthermore, was “a crucial component of the social forum through which women entered the politics,” because women participated in both the play and political discussion with each other and any males present.〔Deutsch, Phyllis. "Moral Trespass in Georgian London" Gaming, Gender, and Electoral Politics in the Age of George III." ''The Historical Journal'' 39.3 (Sep., 1996), pp. 647-649.〕
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